Radio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Radio - Essay Example oring these inventions, it was on 12th December, 1901 that Guglielmo Marconi transmitted the letter â€Å"S† from Podhu in Cornwall, and received at St. John’s Newfoundland. This was the memorable moment in the history as radio was invented. Later, Sir Ambose Fleming developed the diode electron tube which can detect high frequency radio waves. Canadian scientist Fesseden, who is considered as the father of Broad casting radio, was successful in transmitting human voice and music without wires. In 1906, Lee De Forest invented the audion, the first triode electron tube to amplify radio waves. Armstrong developed frequency modulation, in 1918, which reduced interference and noise. The radio was actually born at the time of World War II as Voice of America and was used to transmit information and propaganda during the war. There were shows like the Words of War which was an anthology of war stories. 1. Cut the foil into 6Ãâ€"6 inch and tape onto the paper tower. Leave 1cm at the bottom. Cut another 7Ãâ€"7 piece of white paper and keep the 6Ãâ€"6 inch on the middle of it. Wrap it to the paper towel roll using the tape and ensure that we can slide it up and down with ease. 2. Take a piece of wire one string long and get 90 degree turn and tape it to the top corner of the free moving foil. Cut another piece of the wire the same way and paste it to the bottom which doesn’t move. 3. Take the toilet paper roll and place the tapes twice on the same direction. Peel back one of the tapes and place the wire by leaving one foot long and start spinning on the roll about 25 turns. Leave the other end of the wire at the same direction nearly one foot long. Paste the tape again. To make the second coil we use 90 turns and start spinning from 1/8th of the inch from the first coil. 8. Use the 2000 ohms ear piece, Take the coils end of the wire and scrape gently to remove the enamel or dissolve it in nail polish remover. Attach the ear piece wire and the coils wire with the ground

Acid Rain in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Acid Rain in China - Essay Example The report further points out the ways in which production or business activities affect the natural environment. Additionally, it focuses on â€Å"Green Marketing† as an Environmental Management tool that business companies in China should apply in order to reduce the negative effects of acid rain on the environment. Kahn & Yardley report that pollution problem in China has shattered all precedents the same way the scale and speed of her rise as an economic power lacks a clear parallel in history. Environmental degradation in China is now so severe with such stark repercussions domestically and internationally. They cite the Ministry of Health in China having said that public health is reeling and pollution has made cancer the leading death cause in China – they attribute hundreds of thousands of deaths that China experience each year to ambient air pollution alone. They also give a report that often, Chinese cities appear wrapped in a toxic gray shroud with only one percent of her five hundred and sixty million city dwellers breathing air that the European Union considers safe. Environmental wretchedness that some countries might consider catastrophic can seem ordinary in China including industrial cities where people seldom see the sun; children sickened or killed by local pollution forms such as lead poisoning or an algal red tides-swamped coastline that large ocean sections no longer sustain marine life. According to Kahn & Yardley, China is choking on its own accomplishment and although her economy is posting double-digit growth rates succession, the growth derives from a wobbling expansion of heavy urbanization and industry, which requires massive energy inputs, of which it obtains almost all from coal, which is the most readily available and dirtiest source. Acid rain involves the acidification of rain by airborne acids.

The Infuence Of Technology On Criminal Behavior

The Infuence Of Technology On Criminal Behavior â€Å"That technology influences criminal behaviour in all its aspects can hardly be disputed. If mobile phones and laptop computers are available for seizure by thieves and robbers, technology in the form of anti-theft devices for vehicles and burglar alarms for buildings have also played their part in deterring the felons.† The advancement of technology clearly alters and extends crime and criminal behaviour and has resulted in new offences coming into existence. In turn, criminal detection and legislation has reacted to the effects of technology upon crime, often by adopting new technology and including reference to technology in legislation and judgments. Offences such as fraud have developed through technological advancement resulting in offences becoming much easier to perpetrate: â€Å"The requirement that a person be outside his place of abode when going equipped [to commit fraud] may have worked in 1968, but in the modern world, with computers, fraud may be perpetrat ed by a person sitting at his computer terminal in his home.† Nicholas Yeo highlights how the adapting legislation attempting to tackle the effects of technology upon crime have resulted in Prosecutors having a â€Å"wide palette of overlapping offences, from which to select†. This demonstrates the extent to which the Criminal Justice system is adapting to accommodate technological advances in crime. But what of offences pertaining to the person such as assault and sexual offences? Technology has greatly extended our understanding of what constitutes a sexual offence predominately through the medium of the internet. This form of technology allows sexual offenders to commit offences against children without having to be in the childs presence. It is arguably the internet which most illustrates the extension of the human body which technology may allow. The internet has implications for other crimes against the person, notably the offence of harassment arguably bordering on assault. This essay will assess the implications of the internet illustrated through the offences of sexual grooming and harassment to demonstrate the extent to which technology effects crimes against the person both the offender and the victim. Where crimes develop, clearly crime detection and control must evolve to match this development. Crime control has developed significantly through time, no more than in recent years, due to the advancement of technology. This essay will focus upon the replacement of traditional â€Å"bobbies walking the beat† with CCTV and Electronic witness statement recording. In addition, the methods used to tackle the modern effects of the internet and other technologies upon crime will be considered. Technology has acted to extend criminal activity beyond what was previously physically possible but it has also extended the capabilities of police officers and criminal agencies beyond what was traditionally achievable utilising man power alone. As Richard Card highlights, â€Å"Paedophiles have not been slow to make use of the internet to gain the trust and confidence of children in â€Å"Chat room conversations† for their own purposes.† In light of this, the criminal justice system has legislated, though the Sexual Offences Act 2003 to protect children form internet grooming. S 15(1) provides that an offence is committed should an adult communicate with a child under 16 and intentionally uses this communication to meet with a child to commission an offence. â€Å"Communication† extends to the use of the internet. Under the 2003 Act, for an offence to be committed, the offender must meet with the child and then commit a further sexual offence. However, of course there is the inchoate offence of attempting to â€Å"groom† a child and this sexual offence can be committed purely through the use of the internet. This is an illustrative example of sex offenders using the internet not only as a tool to commit physical crimes but to gain sexual gratification in and of the act itself. However, the Judgment in R v Bollingbroke demonstrates that the Judiciary is aware of the effect of technology upon sexual offences committed and facilitated through the internet and the potential complexities arising in relation to sentencing. Measures have been taken in recent years to combat the use of the internet in child abuse and attempted child abuse cases. In 2007, the then Home Secretary, John Reid announced the Governments intention to curb internet grooming through measures requiring internet paedophiles to register their online identities with the authorities so as to be more easily tracked. These measures received justified criticism in that they would be useless against any paedophile who desired to hide their identity as alternative computers and email accounts could easily be set up. This provides an example of how difficult, if not impossible it is for the authorities to prevent determined internet offenders. By extending the range of offences and the means of offending, modern sexual offenders and child groomers are far ahead of crime control measures. Another cause of this is that victims of internet grooming are not only arguably easy targets but the majority of children use the internet as a social for um and are readily willing to talk with strangers on the internet: â€Å"70% of young people aged between 16 and 24 are using social networking sites; one in 12 children has met someone offline with whom they initially engaged online; and 31% of young people have received unwanted sexual comment online or by text message.† However, as Andrew Joint highlights: â€Å"The growing frequency of the reporting of such incidents [online grooming] highlights the fact that the UKs existing regulation of this area is inadequate to keep up with the variety of ways in which child abusers are using technology to reach their targets.† A further reason why internet grooming is so difficult to control and detect is the ability for groomers to commit offences internationally. However, though the internet makes the potential for grooming very high, research would suggest that in reality the offences committed are quite low. This may suggest that whilst technology extends offenders ability to converse with children, the progression of this to actually physical abuse is still limited. However, the distribution of indecent images of children is greatly increased by the medium of the internet. This issue will not be widely considered in this work as the distribution of images is more removed from the question of using the internet as an extension of the body. Though the images themselves give sexual gratification to the offender, the victim need not have had direct contact with the abuser (the viewer of the images not the maker of the images) through any technological means. This is supported by appeal judgments overturning sentences for public protection in cases involving indecent images of children but actual physical abuse or grooming of children. Though there are obvious difficulties in controlling internet grooming, the National Hi- Tech Crime Unit has been set up in the UK to work with local units in tackling this issue directly. Clearly specified technology units are required to deal with technology based offences. It has been suggested that as the Government is failing to control and keep up with the technological sophistication of internet offenders, it is beginning to rely on Internet Service Providers to assist them. However, this measure also appears to have little impact on the number of sexual offences committed through the internet. The 2005 Cabinet paper, â€Å"Connecting the UK: the digital strategy† established a multi-agency national internet safety centre attached to the Serious Organised Crime Agency. Some thinkers believed this to be a turning point in the control of internet crime and internet crimes against children in particular. However, in reality this measure was merely an extension of the metho ds already in place and acted to incorporate SOCA into more areas of law rather than progress the tackling of online grooming. Another offence which has been greatly facilitated by the internet is harassment. Like offences relating to the distribution of indecent images of children, this offence is not as physical as other internet offences. However, legislation used to tackle this offence illustrates how the Criminal Justice system is reacting to offenders use of the internet as an extension of more traditional means. The Malicious Communications Act 1988 was amended in 2001 to include electronic communications and s1 of the Harassment Act 1997 applies directly to the internet. The consideration of internet sexual offences has illustrated that whilst criminals are adopting technological methods to extend the range of crimes they can commit, crime control has attempted to adapt to counter this. Whilst we have seen that in the case of internet grooming, technology benefits the criminal more than it benefits the authorities, there are many examples of crime control being greatly developed and enhanced by technology. In the past, crime control was very much in the hands of the police officers themselves. However, the advancement of Closed Circuit Television and other technological breakthroughs have resulted in modern policing relaying ever less on man power and ever more on technology. The UK has more than 4 million CCTV cameras acting throughout the country as the eyes of the constabulary. This has both positive and negative implications and effects. From a positive viewpoint, there is a suggestion that CCTV reduces street crime. However, there is no proof of this and the Home Office has conceded that in fact street lighting is more of a deterrent to criminals than CCTV. There are of course negative implications for the wide spread use of CCTV including the much discussed infringement upon civil liberties. The findings of a research paper by The Centre for Criminological Research in Sheffield suggest that the use of CCTV â€Å"represents a shift from formal and legally regulated measures of cr ime control towards private and unaccountable justice†. This may be an extreme view of the use of CCTV but it certainly highlights the potential breaches of Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998. There is clearly some contention between what is a public area to be monitored by the police and the extent of ones right to move about the country as a private citizen. Peck v. Brentwood City Council (2003) ECHR suggests that the widespread use of CCTV in the prevention and detection of crime may be acceptable but any other use, such as the release of footage to the media is breaching the subject of the footages right to a private life. A further example of the Police Authorities use of technology to overcome the limitations of the human body is the use of Electronic witness statement recording technology. It has been argued by many prosecution authorities and prosecutors that the taking of witness statements should always be recorded so as to avoid the much relied upon technique of the defence to question the original statement maker and the accuracy of the statement: â€Å"The accuracy of the written statement as a record of what the witness actually said or intended to say is liable to be impugned by a number of factors, such as misapprehension, presupposition and inattention, mainly on the part of the statementtaker. Moreover, the written word is clearly an inadequate instrument for conveying adequately the nuances of meaning through intonation and inflection. The delay involved in statements composed post facto from notes will clearly increase the risk of inaccuracy.† The implication of the electronic ta king of statements may be more successful prosecutions but in light of very few police authorities using these methods, there is a suggestion that the negative implications outweigh the positive. Electronic means are generally used in relation to vulnerable witnesses and in very serious cases such as murder but clearly in practice, the police resort to the traditional methods of handwriting statements. Funding is evidently an issue but there can be little doubt that should the authorities use widespread electronic methods for recording witness statements, the defence will no longer be able to rely on human error in cross examination and perhaps more convictions could be achieved. In conclusion, there can be no argument that technology has allowed criminal behaviour to expand both in quantity and nature. Internet grooming is the best example of technology extending an offence which was previously limited to the physical but which has been adapted and enhanced by technology. Further, it is apparent that whilst crime detection and prevention authorities seek to limit and uncover internet grooming, technology is making it easier to offend and much more difficult for the detecting of such crimes. Technology has not only extended the body of the abuser in that it has allowed offenders to access victims more readily but it has also extended the physical being of the victim by exposing children to new forms of abuse. Whilst technology has increased sexual offending and sexual offences it has been utilised by the police in detecting and preventing crime. Arguably the need for police officers to physically look for crime through patrolling public places has been usurped by the widespread use of CCTV. Whilst many view this as an infringement upon civil liberties, it cannot be argued that CCTV has not had some positive role to play as evidence. Though it could be argue the police are not using technology to the extent of the more criminally minded, there can be little doubt that technology has radically altered to nature of crime and criminal justice.

All Quiet on the Western Front :: essays research papers

Foreign Policy Book Review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World War I took place in the early 1900's. The United States entered the war late, trying not to get involved with foreign affairs. In Erich Maria Remarque's WWI novel All Quiet on the Western Front, we see the war through the German point of view of a 19 year-old Paul Baumer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As more and more young German nationalists are brain-washed into battle, more and more lives are altered forever. Once in the war, the young soldiers realize that war isn't at all as glorious as they had believed. They continuously live in fear and unfathomable doubt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One thing I liked about this book was that the heroin dies in the end; not because of animosity towards the main character but because it didn't end in an archetypal happy ending. It felt more real than same old story we've seen over and over again where the main character sees all his friends die yet somehow survives every battle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One thing I learned from was that it really was terrifying to be at war during a militaristic industrial revolution. New weapons were constantly being brought into the war, and no one knew how to defend themselves against them. In modern day we have plans and defense systems for anything and everything, but they hadn't yet seen tanks or machine guns. Conditions were horrible in the trenches and people went mad every other day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The thing I liked most about the book, however, was that it was written from the point of view of a German soldier. In America we hardly ever see any war through anyone else's eyes other than those of another patriotic American. I thought this feature did well in showing that, no matter what country, each soldier differs little from any other. It is the nation that has the problem, and the soldiers are sent in to settle the dispute sometimes not knowing what that may be. They asked the same questions of their government that we asked of ours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The only thing I didn't like was it was a little confusing at times because of his writing style. I often confused characters and events, but that can be said of any story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I would definitely recommend this book in the future because it's different than other novels we read in the same ways I explained that I like it. It brought a new twist tot he average war novel.

Jewish Sexual Ethics Essay

Sexual Ethics are integral to Judaism because they provided direct guidance on how to behave morally and in accordance with the Torah and God. Although, over many years Jews were suffering from persecution, they are currently showing stability which can be attributed to the framework that is outlined through the strong ethics that they uphold. Sexual ethics provide guidance on how to behave morally, righteously and in accordance to the Torah as well as preventing promiscuity, infidelity, immorality and sexual acts which hinder the constancy of Judaism. The teachings on Adultery, homosexuality, contraception and pre-marital sex provide a framework for Jewish conduct through re-iterating the principle beliefs of monogamy, procreation, fidelity and the covenant made between Moses, Abraham and God in a practical manner. Sexually ethical conduct is essential as it promotes behaviour that is respectful, consensual, faithful, morally correct and righteous. Sexually ethical conduct provides Judaism with moral framework for procreation, fidelity and the ability to maintain faith. Adultery is the most valued sexual ethical teaching in Judaism because it breaks the covenant made between Abraham and Moses and defies the principle beliefs of love and fidelity. Adultery directly defies the Jewish belief of love, commitment and the sacred institution of marriage and is immoral because it put in jeopardy the family unit which disintegrates love between partners and inturn breaks honest and trust. In addition to this, as monotheists, Jews believe in fidelity and procreation and adultery damages and destabilises the social framework for Jewish conduct thus providing behaviour that is evil and unethical. The universal condemnation of adultery by Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Liberal Jews indicates that adultery is immoral as it breaks the word of God. The united stance on adultery reflects the value of marriage and this is evident in the Torah where it states, â€Å"Do not commit adultery† in the Ten Commandments. This is further emphasised in the commandment, â€Å"You shall not covet your neighbours wife. † Furthermore, the universal condemnation of adultery by all Jewish variants reflects Jewish beliefs as t protects society from promiscuity, disease and deformed birth which have the potential to jeopardise the framework for Jewish conduct and hence continue the tradition in stability and morality. This results in society being spiritually and ritually clean, also promote the belief of fidelity and honesty, which will inturn encourage Judaism to be moral and stable. Sexually ethical conduct is crucial promotes the beliefs in God’s true intentions; that love was between a man and a woman. In addition to this, the morality and stability of Judaism is affected by the restriction of procreation which comes with the act of homosexuality. The importance of life and procreation is clearly evident in the Jewish stance on homosexuality as Jewish religion and community is against homosexuality, regarding it as sinful, whether gay or lesbian, as it destabilises the framework for Jewish conduct. Homosexuality is not the ideal state in Judaism and is a challenge to the ideal of marriage and family as it inhibits longevity and continuity of the tradition thus destabilising the religion through immoral acts. It is important to note that it is homosexual acts, not homosexual orientations that are forbidden as Judaism focuses on a person’s actions rather than a person’s desires. In addition to this, it defies sodomy, hence promoting the principle beliefs of fidelity and ritual cleanliness. Homosexuality defies the direct word of God to ‘Go forth and multiply’ (Genesis 1:28), because it promotes infidelity, ritual uncleanliness and consequently jeopardising the framework for Jewish conduct. This can be reinforced as stated it Leviticus, â€Å"No man is to have sexual relations with another man, God hates that†. (18:22). Such an act is condemned in the strongest possible terms as it is abhorrent and is punishable by death by the Orthodox Jews. The Orthodox stance on homosexuality can be reinforced as Leviticus states, â€Å"If a man lies with a man as one lies with a woman, both of them have done what is detestable. They must be put to death† (20:13). Furthermore, progressive and conservative jews are more likely to accept homosexuality, but those who are homosexual are discouraged from practising and expressing their inclination. The act of homosexuality may not be an ideal state in Judaism but due to modern advancements, is slowly making its way into becoming accepted. Sexually ethical conduct is essential as it allows Jews to follow a framework that has established the belief in the need for procreation. The act of spilling seed directly defies and destabilises the belief in procreation and the right to bear children with your partner. In addition to this, the act of contraception defies the mitzvah to marry, procreate and have children. The methods of contraception allowed under Jewish law are those that don’t damage the sperm or prevent it from getting to the intended destination, such as contraceptive pill. This is because the Tenakh states that God wanted humans to populate the earth. The religious view on birth control is based on the principle that it is a commandment to marry and have children and it is forbidden to â€Å"waste seed†. This law is based on the story of Onan (Gen 38:8-10) who was killed by God for practicing coitus interruptus as a means of birth control. Contraception also interferes with procreation, taught in the first commandment of the Torah; â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply†. Furthermore, reformed and liberal Jews allow birth control for a large number of reasons, such a reason may be when the pregnancy may in anyway harm the carrier of the baby. However, Orthodox Jews are more restrictive and believe that contraception shouldn’t be used for selfish reasons or to completely avoid having children. Through this sexual ethical teaching, Judaism has been able to maintain a framework by which it can remain in a righteous and unwavering state. Sexually ethical conduct is fundamental to the stability and morality of Judaism as it provides guidelines to the correct way to treat marriage and the fact that it is disrespectful to defy the belief in love and marriage. In additions to this, acts that defy love are considered insolent and go against the moral framework that guides Judaism. Judaism believes in the importance of marriage in the development and completeness of the human being and that a person must take responsibility for the partner and relationships must continue. Thus, Judaism doesn’t permit sexual relations between partners prior to marriage, as a sexual act itself is such a powerful force in defining a relationship. A sexual failure can destroy a relationship despite prior declarations of love. The only way to ensure that there will be some degree of responsibility after sex through the act of marriage. In the Torah, the word used for sex means â€Å"to know†, which indicates that Jews believed sex involved the heart and mind as well as the body. The divine idea that a man and woman are to become â€Å"one flesh† (Gen 2:24), indicated sacred elements presents, the sexual act symbolising the union of those created in God’s image. Thus, all strains of Judaism view sex as permissible only within the sanctity of marriage. This view enables Judaism to remain honest and secure because of the framework that they follow. To conclude, Sexual Ethics are vital to Judaism because they provided direct guidance on how to behave morally and in accordance with the Torah and God. Sexual ethics as demonstrated and described in the Torah include Adultery, Homosexuality, Contraception and Pre-marital sex. Each of these plays a pivotal role in providing a framework for the conduct that Jews must follow to ensure that the tradition may continue in stability and morality.

The environmental, social and economic consequences of urbanisation in Bombay

Bombay is the largest city in India (but not the capital), and has a growing population of 14,350,000 people. Bombay also serves as the financial hub of India, along with a major shipping industry, heavy industrial centres and is home to the ‘Bollywood' film industry, the largest in the developing world. Due to the services available in Bombay, coupled with the hope of jobs, it is a major hub for migration of people from the countryside, a process known as urbanisation. People are drawn from a large part of western India, as well as other parts of the country looking to fill the jobs that the booming economy needs. The disparity between the ‘rich and the poor', the ‘good jobs and the menial' is vast. Bombay has many millionaires from the expanding banking sector, located in the Bandra Kurla zone, contrasted with street sellers and beggars in the shanty town areas like Dharavi, made famous through the multi Oscar winning film – Slumdog Millionaire. The problems that face the city authorities of Bombay are immense. There is a genuine struggle to keep up with making provision for the vast numbers of migrants moving to Bombay. The location of the city goes a long way to exacerbating the issues faced. Also read this  Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy Bombay was originally a collection of small fishing villages, which expanded to become an important port in the Arabian Sea, and was a major calling point for the traditional Dhows which plied the waters from Arabia, Somalia and Iran. As the city is located on a headland peninsular, this maritime orientated city thrived on the ease and convenience of the coastal access. During the days of colonialism where India was lucky to be a British Colony, Bombay was a major port of entry for people travelling to India and onwards to South East Asia and Australia. Due to this huge influx in commercial trade, the areas around the port developed extremely quickly as an area of industry and shipping related services such as import/export, cargo handling and packing. All of this went a long way to the urbanisation of Bombay, drawing in more farming people when they learned of the prospects available to them. Following the British withdrawal in 1947, this upwards ‘boom' only increased. Nowadays, it is a huge problem for city planners and developers. The site of the city is hugely restricted resulting in the eventual creation onto the mainland in the form of a â€Å"greater metropolitan area†. These new sites, onto which the city has expanded, are becoming very overcrowded even 100 years ago. Today, the density is just under 60,000 people per square mile. Due to popular demand, the price of inner city land has risen astronomically, a feature of all developing cities. As a result, rather incongruously, the land prices in Bombay are among the highest in the world. This just adds to the overcrowding of the slums, as people are forced to live there as they are unable to afford anything in the city where property costs in the region of US$3180 per sq. t. this, coupled with the short supply of housing, results in an accelerated growth of shanty towns, another case example being the farvelas on the outskirts of many (expansive) Brazilian cities such as Sio Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It is an inescapable upwards escalation into greater levels of poverty, as new migrants to the city locate themselves on the edges of the slums, furthest away from the centre of the city, where the jobs are located and are often built on dangerous land (old mines, near railways, on river marshland etc. and very few have land rights, so there are just squatters with no legal protection. This is a major environmental issue and also poses significant problems to the inhabitants' health, in a country where the death rate is already 7. 9/1000 (as of July 2009) and where the average life expectancy is just 60. Levels of sanitation in the slum areas, such as Dharavi are often of a substandard level. Sewage removal and treatment is minimal and in most areas, non-existent. Running clean water is also scarce, leaving children and babies without adequate levels of hygiene, needed to grow healthily. Electricity connections are also very sparse, so people have to make do with more primitive methods, often far more dangerous than modern methods, such as cooking for example. All of these issues have major social consequences, as the people become ‘trapped' in a permanent state of poverty, unable to better their lives, but remain as it is perceived to have a better standard of living than in the rural areas. In Dharavi itself, the Indian local governments in Bombay and the Maharashtra state are planning a large-scale redevelopment of Dharavi. They plan to clear away areas of the slum housing section by section, replacing the little 1 or 2 storey shacks with 7 floor tenement blocks. Families who can prove they have lived in Dharavi since at least 1995 will; receive free new housing, and everyone will receive temporary accommodation for the duration of the massive redevelopment programme. The remainder of the new housing will be sold cheaply (or rented) on the open and free market that India enjoys with its relatively stable political and economic situation. This however, though it would improve the situation for over 600,000 people rather drastically, it will create a lot of significant conflicts between residents and developers, and may be seen by some as a bit too ‘idealistic', just like Mandela's promise to black South Africans for better housing. The reality is, that these things take time to materialise, if they ever do. The project will not even go ahead unless a majority of the [registered] residents of Dharavi agree to do so. This means that those residents who are not officially registered as residents of Dharavi (a large number of migrant squatters), will not have their opinions counted in any capacity. It is also widely feared that such a development would not yield economic benefits for the developers, and so, much needed residential accommodation for the [ex] residents of Dharavi, will be used for commercial and office space to serve the ever expanding business sector – defeating the whole initial development objective. In conclusion, from the evidence laid out, it is clear that Bombay is suffering heavily as a result of mass urbanisation, and has done throughout its history, spanning back to even before the colonial days of the Raj. Projects such as the expansion of the Bandra Kurla complex threaten the condition of the poorer people, often illegally squatting on land, and are planned to solely benefit the banking and business/commerce sector. Migration from the countryside rural areas adding the issue of urbanisation are increasing the population at a large rate. Alongside this, poor planning and mismanagement from the authorities, failing to address the genuine needs of the city, all result in a city with gigantic disparity, overcrowding in slums and an ‘all encasing' state of impoverishment for the vast majority of the population of the city.

Book review on ;Day of the Triffids; By John Wyndham Essay Example

Book review on ;Day of the Triffids; By John Wyndham Essay Example Book review on ;Day of the Triffids; By John Wyndham Essay Book review on ;Day of the Triffids; By John Wyndham Essay An ecological disaster of unimaginable scopeA world wide crisis over oil productionA laboratory created strain of plant life, genetically altered to increase production, proves deadly both to humans and all forms of large animal lifeBiological warfare in the form of a new and deadly plague accidentally unleashed, wipes out the majority of the human populationThis sounds like a 21st Century novel, a quickie aimed at taking advantage of the latest headlines. Everything in it expresses our current fears of biological warfare, of ecological disaster, of the unforeseen results of genetically engineering (manipulation of an organisms genetic material to modify the proteins it produces).The novel however is The Day of the Triffids, first published in 1951. While it was immediately popular, it was popular as a good the-monsters-are-taking-over-the-earth story. Its deeper meanings and its real quality were ignored. Unfortunately, it was then made into a really bad monster movie. If youre only familiar with it from the 1953 movie, be aware that that movie bears no resemblance to the novel beyond the title and the general idea of the triffids. The most crucial change is that in the movie, the plot centers around a mysterious meteor shower that simultaneously blinds everyone and drops the triffids on the earth.In the novel, it is clearly stated that man created the triffids as an easy source of high quality, cheap oil. The triffids are soon noted to be able to walk, though clumsily, on their three leg-roots(hence their name tri=three). It is further noted that adult triffids can be dangerous. They have a poisonous sting that can kill. It is not considered cause for alarm. The triffids are kept carefully locked up to be milked for their oil.At the start of the story, Bill Meson, a young biologist who has been studying the triffids, has been temporarily blinded by their poison. While he is in the hospital, a unique meteor display begins. Brilliant green lights flash all nigh t. Everyone watches in awe except him as his eyes are bandaged. As he puts it, there was a party for the world going on, with me as the only person not invited. The next day, he can see again, were others are blind from the meteor showerThe story begins in London and takes place in the English countryside but could take place anywhere. In a touchingly realistic scene, once Bill Masen understands the situation, he spends some hours just wanderingthe streets of London, at a dead loss as to what to do next. He feels he ought to do something, but doesnt know what. Hed like to help the people around him, but doesnt know how. He is overwhelmed. It is the same question raised by the movie, Titanic. In the movie, when all the lifeboats are launched and the ship sinks, there are 1500 people in the water about to die. Should the lucky ones in the lifeboats try to rescue some of them? If they do, what if too many try to climb aboard, sink the lifeboat and no one survives? Yet, to do nothing is to let the people in the water freeze and drown. Its a moral question with no easy answers and it is at the heart of the book.Within a few days he meets a well-organized group who, like him, are able to see because, for various reasons they failed to watch the meteor shower. Their leaders show a matter-of-fact ruthlessness. Survival is all that counts. The group will move to an isolated country house. One man objects violently. He wants the sighted people to help the rest of the blind population. He is so desperate in his compassion that he kidnaps as many as he can, including Bill. Once again Bill is in a quandary. He resents being kidnapped and forced to find food for a group of the newly blind. He intends to escape as soon as he can, but then he becomes involved and realizes he cant leave people that are dependent on him. At the same time, he realizes the futility of what he is doing. He and his group are living as scavengers, taking food out of abandoned stores. It is a tempora ry solution to an insoluable problem.His quandary is solved by the rapid spread of a plague of unknown origin and the arrival of the triffids. Back when he was simply a researcher, a fellow biologist had commented that the triffids seemed to show a kind of intelligence. They can move around and they seem to communicate. Now they attack, not just in London, but across the world. The triffids grasp the fact that man is no longer all-powerful and they seem bent on wiping man out. With man helplessly in chaos, it is truly the day of the triffids.The rest of the novel is survival. Bill spends much time searching for a woman he had met the first day. For a novel written in 1951, the woman, Joselle, is remarkably liberated. She is consistently strong, sensible and thoughtful. She spends much of the novel on her own so the relationship between the two becomes that of two self-reliant people who have come to love each other. She is part of the decisions they have to make about the future for themselves, their family and friends.An interesting definition of civilization is given. If only a few people are together, all their efforts have to go towards survival and that means their grandchildren will be overworked subsistence farmers. Theres a quote from the book that says that a workable society needs a leader, a doctor and a teacher. Bill, as a biologist begins to have ideas about ways to destroy the triffids, but there is possibility of developing his ideas unless he can find a group large enough to help him. To say what happens next would be to reveal too much of the plot.The difference between 1952 and today is that then the triffids only as a menace. Today, with our new eco-awareness, a defense can be made for the triffids. They were created by the technology of modern man and then exploited. Like any exploited minority group in history, their true talents were ignored or abused and even their intelligence was denied. They were kept in absolute slavery until modern technology in the form of war machines that caused blindness and a plague gave them a chance for rebellion. As in all riots and rebellions by a group that has been kept down too long, what follows is an explosion of violence. The triffids have no thought but to get rid of man once and for all. The point is, while that makes them a horrible and brutal enemy, it was man that made them the enemy.

How Long Is Long Enough Essay

How Long Is Long Enough Essay How Long Is Long Enough? Essay How long is long enough? Discrimination in its broad meaning is a treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit. Today, most cases of discrimination that are brought to court are related to employment discrimination. The plaintiffs have different reasons for filing a discrimination lawsuit against their employers. Some employees file a lawsuit because they were denied a promotion, other file a complaint because they are paid unequally with their co-workers who have same qualification and job performance as them. Additionally, there are other employees who bring a complaint against their former and future employers because they were fired or could not be hired to a specific job they feel they are qualified to do. However, not anyone can file a discrimination lawsuit. In order to file a discrimination complaint against your employer you have to be a mem ber of a protected class. According to the textbook, title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its amendments prohibits job discrimination against employees, applicants, and union members on the basis of race, color, nation of origin, religion, and gender at any stage of employment. (Cross Miller, 2012) However, seeing that today member of minority groups and women have made enough economic progress in the last several decades compared to 1964, it is fair to ask this question: do members of protected groups still need special legislation to protect them? This is not an easy question to answer because everyone has different opinion on this issue, but regardless of what other people think, it would be fair to ask this question instead: for how long will special legislation that protect minority groups and women last? The truth is that there is still a long way to go since new forms of discrimination keep evolving, like weight discrimination and pregnancy discrimination for instance. According to Svetlana Shkolnikova in â€Å"Weight discrimination could be as common as racial bias; Studies find a surge in reported cases†, weight discrimination, especially in USA society, is increasing and is as common as racial discrimination. Shkolnikova continues by stating that two studies claim this. One study claims that reported discrimination based on weight has increased from 7% to 12% in the USA which is a 66% increase in the last decade. The other study says that such discrimination is common in both institutional and interpersonal situations. It is even dominant than rates of discrimination based on race and gender in some case. Moreover, Shkolnikova says that according to Rebecca Puhl of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, a co-author of both studies, weight discrimination is a very serious social problem that we need to pay attention to. Institutional discrimination according to Puhl involves health care, education or workplace situ ations, such as cases in which people say that they were fired, denied a job or promotion because of their weight. Interpersonal discrimination on the other hand focuses on insults, abuses and harassments from others. Currently there is no Federal laws against weight discrimination exist and Puhl states that weight discrimination will not decrease until attitudes change and laws begin addressing it. (Shkolnikova, 2008) Another example of an increasing new form of discrimination is a pregnancy discrimination that women face. According to Stephanie Armour in â€Å"Pregnant workers report growing discrimination†, the number of women claiming they have been discriminated against on the job because they are pregnant is soaring even as the birth rate declines. Armour continues by stating that according to an analysis of government data by the Washington-based National Partnership for Women Families, from fiscal year 1992 to 2003 pregnancy discrimination complaints filed

A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving Quotes

A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving Quotes A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving serves up some surprisingly poignant and often funny quotes about Turkey Day. The Peanuts characters, including Lucy, Linus, Patty, Sally, Marcie, and of course, Charlie Brown, maybe youngsters, but they provide plenty of thoughtful wisdom about Thanksgiving traditions like football, turkey and  pumpkin pie. Of course, the words are put into their animated mouths by creator and writer Charles M. Schulz, who was just five days shy of his 51st birthday when the special aired in 1973. It won him the Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Childrens Programming. It continued to air every Thanksgiving on CBS until 2000, the year that Schulz died, and then on ABC. Enhance your Thanksgiving dinner conversation with some of these pithy quotes from the TV special, which is also available on DVD and streaming video. Thanksgiving History Linus: In the year 1621, the Pilgrims held their first Thanksgiving feast. They invited the great Indian chief Massasoit, who brought 90 of his brave Indians and a great abundance of food. Governor William Bradford and Captain Miles Standish were honored guests. Elder William Brewster, who was a minister, said a prayer that went something like this: We thank God for our homes and our food and our safety in a new land. We thank God for the opportunity to create a new world for freedom and justice. Expressing Thanks Peppermint Patty: Are we going to have a prayer? Its Thanksgiving, you know.Marcie: Thanksgiving is more than eating, Chuck. We should just be thankful for being together. Traditions Lucy: But Charlie Brown, it’s Thanksgiving. One of the greatest traditions we have is the Thanksgiving Day football game and the biggest, most important tradition of all is the kicking off of the football.Lucy: Isn’t it peculiar, Charlie Brown, how some traditions just slowly fade  away.Charlie Brown, after singing  Over the River and Through the Woods to Grandmothers House We Go: Well, theres only one thing wrong with that...My grandmother lives in a condominium. The Food Charlie Brown: I cant cook a Thanksgiving dinner. All I can make is cold cereal and maybe toast.Peppermint Patty: Look at this! Is this what you call a Thanksgiving day dinner? Did we come across town for this? Were supposed to be served a real Thanksgiving dinner!Peppermint Patty: What kind of Thanksgiving dinner is this? Wheres the turkey, Chuck? Dont you know anything about Thanksgiving dinners? Wheres the mashed potatoes? Wheres the cranberry sauce? Wheres the pumpkin pie? Uninvited Guests Marcie to Peppermint Patty, after they crash Thanksgiving dinner at Charlie Browns house: Wait a minute, Sir; did he invite you here to dinner? Or did you invite yourself and us too? Meet-Ups Sally: Why dont you come along, Linus? We could hold hands under the table. Stress Charlie Brown: Weve got another holiday to worry about. It seems Thanksgiving Day is upon us.

Disappearance of Coral Reefs due to Global Climate Change Research Paper

Disappearance of Coral Reefs due to Global Climate Change - Research Paper Example The research paper "Disappearance of Coral Reefs due to Global Climate Change" analyzes the sources of a disappearance of coral reefs since the global warming has higher devastating effects on coral reefs across the world. Large parts of coral reefs in various oceans in the world and the marine life supported by them are almost getting wiped away. The increase of temperature on the earth has been caused by green house effects. These are gases that are emitted from industries and later forming a thick layer in the atmosphere. This layer of gases allows ultra-violet rays of the sun to pass through the earth. However, the layer prevents the same rays from escaping after they are reflected by the earth. This leads to rising in global temperatures which according to the scientist, it has currently increased with 1.9 degrees. This has created a devastating long term effect of damaging coral reefs in the oceans. Researchers have indicated that about 7.5 percent of the world’s coral cover has been destroyed by a rise in temperature. Damage to coral reef has also been affected by ocean acidification that results from global warming. Acidification of ocean is caused by absorption of gases released into the atmosphere from various human activities across the world. Currently, due to increased industrial revolution, there is the higher emission of gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, and other pollutants into the atmosphere. These gases form acids when mixed with water and in some situations form acid rain.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Ethics - Essay Example Most would not think cheating Uncle Sam out of such a small amount as ‘unethical.’ These types of behavior illustrate both how conditioning and association function to determine our course in life. While we are influenced by how we were taught regarding what is right and wrong within a given situation and we make decisions based upon our association with these rules, ethics can ultimately only be quantified on a personal level. Slavery was just as wrong then as now and cheating is always wrong even if it’s the government that is the victim. During the days of slavery, many knew it to be wrong and it bothers some to exceed the speed limit or dodge taxes even to the smallest extent but why the disparity? The discrepancy lies within the experiences of the individual, what they witnessed as acceptable behavior and were taught as children. Whether or not a society progresses in a positive, productive manner ultimately depends upon how ethical it collectively decides to be, a reflection of the importance it gives to educating its citizens on understanding their own personal ethical conduct. Because society is, at its most basic level, a collection of individuals, it is necessary to define one’s own philosophy of proper business ethics before moving out into the field. For me, proper business ethics should include an individual’s constant attention to the common good and justice, which includes issues of sustainability and eco-efficiency as well as leading by example at the individual and organizational level. Ethical business practices give customers, employees, partners and shareholders reassurance that they will not be cheated. The ethical approach that favors the common good suggests that a corporation’s actions should benefit, ultimately, all of a community or society. According to Socrates, knowledge of oneself

The Battle of Guadalcanal Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Battle of Guadalcanal - Term Paper Example However, by August 1942, the American marines landed on the Guadalcanal’s northern beaches after the firing of Navy ships ahead of them. About three months later, the Marine managed to secure the airfield, as well as about six miles wide on the beach section (Braun and Alexander 232). This paper thereby drills deep into the Battle of Guadalcanal, its operations, and scrutinizes the Allied and Japanese leadership during the war. Allied forces, predominantly from America, landed on Guadalcanal by 7th August 1942, seizing an airfield that had been under construction by the Japanese military- the airfield was later named as Henderson Field (Coggan 162). Subsequently, several attempts and efforts made by the Japanese Imperial Navy and Army tremendously failed as they used ships to deliver reinforcements to Guadalcanal, with a sole aim of recapturing the airfield. By early November, 1942, Japanese military organized a transport convoy that would take about seven thousand infantry tr oops and equipment to the island of Guadalcanal- their core intent being to make an attempt once again, which would aid their struggle to retake the airfield. According to Braun and Alexander, lots of Japanese warships and forces were allotted to attack the Henderson Field with a central aim of destroying Allied aircrafts, which posed threats to their convoy (248). After observing and learning the Japanese efforts of reinforcement and retake, the United States military forces launched warship and aircraft combats in order to defend the Henderson Fields, and hence prevent or bar the Japanese navy and ground troops from nearing the Guadalcanal area. Braun and Alexander reveals that for strategic purposes, the possession of an airfield or airbase within Guadalcanal was vital to the control of sea-line-communications between Australia and the United States (241).

Political Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Political - Essay Example Some of the countries that exhibit the existence of state governments are found in Europe and America where a state government is a region within the larger nation that operates under its own laws though those laws fall within the jurisdictions of the federal laws. A nation is a group of individuals that co- exist within a given locales and these individuals may share religion, culture, language, and ethnicity. A nation is depicted as a sovereign state that is governed by its legislation and that protects the rights of every individual that lives in it. A nation is confined in a particular locality with clear territories that are widely respected under the international laws. A nation is guided by the federal law that is protected by the constitution of the nation, which every member of the nation must adhere to as a law-abiding citizen. The political environment that enables the nations to establish institutions of governance such as the courts drives most nations. The powers of the state/government derive from the established structures of governance that bestows power and authority to the government as stipulated under the constitution of a particular state. These institutions of governance enable the state to get taxes from its people in order to fast track its numerous developmental agendas it is undertaking. The judicial institution enables a state to enforce law and order thus becoming a powerful punisher to those individuals that may break the laws of the land. The state may employ its powers as a sovereign nation to solicit for financial funding on behalf of its people thus gaining powers on financial matters that aim at benefiting the entire folk. The government may spend this financial funding to develop education systems that are necessary to every member of the country thus obtaining powers to develop the required educational curriculum that is respected by every person. A state acquires its powers from the control it

Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Dissertation - Essay Example There are several ways by which such developments are undertaken and one such technique is merger and acquisition. Merger and acquisition is a concept in which two or more companies’ works together in the market. This study seeks to scrutinize the impact of merger and acquisition on a company. The company chosen is PTT Global Chemical Company based on Thailand. The study revealed that the company has been both positively as well as negatively affected by the merger and acquisition activity. However, in order to deal with the negative impacts the study recommended strategies by which the company can overcome the same. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Chapter I – INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Background of the Study 6 1.2 Introduction to Merger and Acquisition 7 1.3 Background of PTT Global Chemical Company 8 1.4 Relevance and Importance of the Study 9 1.5 Aim of the Study 9 1.6 Research Objectives and Research Questions 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Definition of merger and acquisition 10 2.3 Classification of merger & acquisition 12 2.4 Global M&A activity levels and Regional trends 14 2.5 The impact of Economic Climate against M&A activities 15 2.6 Rationale for M&A and motivations 17 2.7 The impact of M&A on companies 18 2.8 Benefits & Drawbacks of M&A 19 2.9 Types of strategies for M&A 22 CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 Research Philosophy 23 3.3 Research Approach 24 3.4 Type of Research 24 3.4.1 Quantitative Research 24 3.4.2 Qualitative Research 25 3.5 Data Collection Method 26 3.5.1 Sampling 27 3.5.2 Data Collection Instruments 27 3.6 Data Analysis 28 3.7 Ethics in Research 28 3.8 Justification 28 CHAPTER 4 – FINDINGS & ANALYSIS 29 4.1 Findings and Analysis of Primary Research 29 4.2 Findings and Analysis of Secondary Research 31 Chapter 5 – Discussion 32 Chapter 6 – Conclusion and Recommendations 33 6.1 Conclusion 33 6.2 Recommendations 34 Reference List 36 Append ix 44 Chapter I – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Once upon a time, the subject of merger and acquisition was especially the area of experts in the industrial origination. However, following the two upheavals, this territory was lost. The first change took place in the form of shift towards diversifying mergers and move away from the traditional combined competing or vertically relating the companies (â€Å"in the United States; less in other industrial countries†). The second change occurred in the form of development of â€Å"event studies† (â€Å"a method of inferring the profitability of mergers ex ante from changes in stock-market values at the time when the transaction is announced†) (Caves, 1987, p.150). Hence, from the above discussion it is evident that the concept of merger and acquisition underwent a drastic shift since these two upheavals took place. Earlier studies have shown that merger and acquisition have been responsible for incr easing the social welfare, augmenting the value of the assets of the firms involved into merger or acquisition (Agrawal, Jaffe and Mandelker, 1992; Augustine, 1995). The notion of merger coincided with history long back during the year 1708 (Caves, 1989; Franks, Harris and Titman, 1991; Franks and Harris, 1989). For example, during this period the East India Company merged with one of its erstwhile competitors for the principal purpose of restoring its monopoly in the Indian trade environment. In the similar way, the year 1784 experienced the two Italian giant banks Monte Pio and Monte dei Paschi united to form

Product Development and selling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product Development and selling - Essay Example To the individuals, computers can be used for communication, type setting, graphic design, entertainment and performing of a variety of tasks depending on each individual user. These are fundamental activities which can make one be comfortable both at home and in their officers. On the other hand, computers can be used by business organizations in the automation of their services. Thus, they become able to produce organized, neat, accurate, reliable and high quality work. The use of Information Technology (IT) can be a very good idea for any business as it can be the surest way of improving its productivity. However, in order to ensure that my commodity is sold, I will have to properly plan. By putting in place relevant strategies, I will definitely manage to sell my products to my clients and be in a position of making profit. After all, that is the major goal of my business. Besides, I will have to scan the prevailing conditions in the market so as to be privy with all the information about the level of competition in the market. I will need to know about the pricing policies of my competitors. This will be important in helping me to set a reasonable price which will not only be appealing to my clients, but be able to enable me to increase my profitability. Such prices should be decided based on the costs of production and the level of competition in the market. With this in mind, I will still have to ensure that I produce high quality commodities because it will be crucial in determining the success of the business. Many clients prefer commodities with high value regardless of their prices. When this is done, the business will be able to make some profit. It represents a profit margin of 52%. However, because the company needs to maximize its profits, it will have to venture into a sales presentation as it will help it to bridge the gap between it and the potential and existing clients (Roth 219). Besides, additional initiatives such as

Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Dissertation - Essay Example There are several ways by which such developments are undertaken and one such technique is merger and acquisition. Merger and acquisition is a concept in which two or more companies’ works together in the market. This study seeks to scrutinize the impact of merger and acquisition on a company. The company chosen is PTT Global Chemical Company based on Thailand. The study revealed that the company has been both positively as well as negatively affected by the merger and acquisition activity. However, in order to deal with the negative impacts the study recommended strategies by which the company can overcome the same. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Chapter I – INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Background of the Study 6 1.2 Introduction to Merger and Acquisition 7 1.3 Background of PTT Global Chemical Company 8 1.4 Relevance and Importance of the Study 9 1.5 Aim of the Study 9 1.6 Research Objectives and Research Questions 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Definition of merger and acquisition 10 2.3 Classification of merger & acquisition 12 2.4 Global M&A activity levels and Regional trends 14 2.5 The impact of Economic Climate against M&A activities 15 2.6 Rationale for M&A and motivations 17 2.7 The impact of M&A on companies 18 2.8 Benefits & Drawbacks of M&A 19 2.9 Types of strategies for M&A 22 CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 Research Philosophy 23 3.3 Research Approach 24 3.4 Type of Research 24 3.4.1 Quantitative Research 24 3.4.2 Qualitative Research 25 3.5 Data Collection Method 26 3.5.1 Sampling 27 3.5.2 Data Collection Instruments 27 3.6 Data Analysis 28 3.7 Ethics in Research 28 3.8 Justification 28 CHAPTER 4 – FINDINGS & ANALYSIS 29 4.1 Findings and Analysis of Primary Research 29 4.2 Findings and Analysis of Secondary Research 31 Chapter 5 – Discussion 32 Chapter 6 – Conclusion and Recommendations 33 6.1 Conclusion 33 6.2 Recommendations 34 Reference List 36 Append ix 44 Chapter I – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Once upon a time, the subject of merger and acquisition was especially the area of experts in the industrial origination. However, following the two upheavals, this territory was lost. The first change took place in the form of shift towards diversifying mergers and move away from the traditional combined competing or vertically relating the companies (â€Å"in the United States; less in other industrial countries†). The second change occurred in the form of development of â€Å"event studies† (â€Å"a method of inferring the profitability of mergers ex ante from changes in stock-market values at the time when the transaction is announced†) (Caves, 1987, p.150). Hence, from the above discussion it is evident that the concept of merger and acquisition underwent a drastic shift since these two upheavals took place. Earlier studies have shown that merger and acquisition have been responsible for incr easing the social welfare, augmenting the value of the assets of the firms involved into merger or acquisition (Agrawal, Jaffe and Mandelker, 1992; Augustine, 1995). The notion of merger coincided with history long back during the year 1708 (Caves, 1989; Franks, Harris and Titman, 1991; Franks and Harris, 1989). For example, during this period the East India Company merged with one of its erstwhile competitors for the principal purpose of restoring its monopoly in the Indian trade environment. In the similar way, the year 1784 experienced the two Italian giant banks Monte Pio and Monte dei Paschi united to form

Earthquake Kills 22 in southwestern China Essay Example for Free

Earthquake Kills 22 in southwestern China Essay 1. Type of crisis Earthquake is an example of adventitious crisis, a natural disaster â€Å"that is not part of an everyday life and is unplanned and accidental† (Varcarolis, 2006, pp 422-423). Victims of earthquakes usually suffer from trauma, panic, shock, grief, fear and mental disorganization (which could be manifested by running around aimlessly or inability to concentrate). People who suffer from such an adventitious disaster are reported to have flashbacks or nightmares connected to the event after it happened. 2. Type of stressors that contributed to the crisis Earthquakes happen suddenly and people are caught off guard with the sudden and swift destruction that it brought about to them personally (e. g., damage or loss of property and the painful loss of a loved one or loved ones).  Ã‚   Psychologically, emotionally and mentally the victims are not prepared for the sudden loss and change of life or way of life (e.g. having to live in an evacuation center with all of its limited supply of basic necessities, or having to live with a physical disability due to the earthquake). In this instance, anxiety, grief and panic levels go up severely in just a matter of seconds.   With the combine sudden loss of property and loved ones, the victim/s may be overwhelmed. 3. Coping skills of the people involved Since problem is a part of life, it is very important that a person has learned a number of techniques that can be use to lower anxiety and to adapt to the situation when problem arises. One of the key techniques that people use is to engage in prayer. Prayer helps to lighten the load as a person learns to accept and submit to the will of God.   Also, prayer clears a person’s mind which enabled him to restore balance and equilibrium and make right choices. A person should also not isolate himself but should express to others what he is feeling and allow himself to be surrounded and comforted with other members of the family and friends. Moreover, the victim should cooperate with the help and assistance being provided by the government, counseling, medical and other disaster agencies.   If needed he should transfer to a place or engage in activities that helps him forget the incident (Varcarolis, 2006, pp.423-429). In the case of children, they should be taught to understand the situation, be assured by the parent’s presence and parents should model calm behavior and seek to divert the children’s attention by providing fun activities for them( Handouts : Talking to Children about Crisis). 4. Goal of the resolution of the crisis â€Å"Crisis by definition is self-limiting so that as soon as possible they are resolved, preferably within 4 to six weeks† so that a person or group of persons function normally again in spite of their loss and accept what happen to them during the earthquake disaster ( Varcarolis, 2006,p.422  Ã‚  Ã‚   ). More importantly the goal of the resolution of the crisis is to lower anxiety level since anxiety hampers the person’s ability to face and solve his own problems. Short term goals of the resolution of the crisis by the end of the first session involves the lowering down of anxiety level from severe to moderate or moderate to mild, clarify the problem in solvable terms, identify existing supports and other needed supports, set realistic goals to deal with the problem and identify a step by step plan of action. Otherwise a person’s safety may be at risk for due to hopelessness, grief, and fear he may tend to act suicidal or become mentally ill (Varcarolis,2006 ,pp. 427 430). 5. Possible resources/referrals that might be needed to help to return to pre-crisis level of functioning It may be necessary that victims of earthquakes should be remove from the place where it happened. Therefore, they may need to be referred to a stable shelter. Rehabilitation, debriefing and counseling is also recommended where psychologists, counselors and other cognitive-behavioral therapists helps them to restore balance and equilibrium. Friends, family and peer groups should also be a part of the healing process. If the person develops psychotic thinking, violent or suicidal behavior then he may need a psychiatric treatment. If he suffers from physical injuries or other health needs then he must be rushed to a hospital or clinic. Children whose parents were not coping well with the stress that the disaster had caused should be put under child care. Vocational and skills training program should also be provided to help the victims go back to supporting themselves again especially for those who had become disabled (Varcarolis, 2006, pp. 429-438; Handouts: Talking to Children about Crisis).

Rebranding: Legal, Regulatory and Ethical Issues

Rebranding: Legal, Regulatory and Ethical Issues Introduction According to Mintel, the total UK market for deodorants was estimated at  £459 million in 2008. Unilevers Lynx brand for men had estimated sales of  £92 million during the same period giving it a market share of 20% (Bainbridge, J., 2009) Tyrelever Cosmetics has recently acquired a stock of low cost deodorant for men from South America. The proposal is to rebrand this deodorant and market it through retail outlets in the UK under the brand name Stynx. It also proposed to use a celebrity endorsement within the product advertising. Tyrelevers current contracted celebrity, Gordon Oliver, is not considered suitable for this role and the proposal is that an altered image of the footballer David Beckham be used to endorse the product. The product branding and celebrity endorsement strategies are designed to take market share from the Lynx brand and thus establish Stynx as a credible male deodorant brand in its own right. By adopting this strategy and by pricing the product competitivel y, Stynx expects to make a significant return on its original investment. Objective of the Report This report identifies and critically examines the legal, regulatory and ethical issues associated with the proposals outlined in section 1.0 above. In the light of this analysis the report also makes recommendations as to how the advertising of the proposed Stynx brand should proceed and how that advertising can be supported and leveraged by deploying additional marketing strategies. Legal Issues There are a number of legal issues that can affect the nature and content of advertisements as well as the use of celebrities within advertisements. If an advertiser creates an advertisement that is misleading, it may be unlawful in a number of different ways. It may, for example, constitute a malicious falsehood or infringe a registered trademark. A trademark is defined as a distinctive design, picture, emblem, logo or wording (or combination) affixed to goods for sale to identify the manufacturer as the source of the product and to distinguish them from goods sold or made by others (Hill G.N. et al., 2005). The Lynx name is a registered trademark of the Unilever Group (Unilever, 2009) and, as such, it is capable of being infringed by another product that attempts to pass off its brand name as the Lynx brand. The Law of Passing Off The law of passing off is a common law tort that has been created by the judiciary. It relates to a misrepresentation made by one business which damages the goodwill of another business. Typically, this will involve passing off the goods or services of one business as those of another. In most cases businesses will have protectable rights under the law of passing off in relation to trade marks, brand names, slogans and other elements of advertising in which they have accrued goodwill (Ali, I., 2005). There is a distinct probability that the proposed Stynx brand name will be seen as passing off the Lynx brand name because the names are so similar and the products using the names are both male deodorants. There are three main points that need to be satisfied to qualify as passing off for legal action. These points were defined by the House of Lords in the famous legal case of Reckitt Colman Ltd v Borden Inc (1990) 1 WLR 49, sometimes also known as the Jif Lemon case. The three points defined by the judges in this case were i. There is goodwill in the defendants brand name. This will undoubtedly be the case in terms of the Lynx brand which has been registered as a trademark since 1985 and is the UKs number two deodorant brand (after Sure). By definition, therefore, it has accrued a considerable amount of goodwill evidenced by its sales and market position. ii. The offenders brand name has misled consumers into believing that there is a connection with the defendants brand name. This is classic passing off and, as stated earlier there is no doubt that the Stynx brand name will mislead consumers into believing that it is either Lynx or has a close connection to it. iii. The action has resulted in damage to or a likelihood of damage to, the defendants goodwill. The nature and quality of the Stynx product is vastly inferior to the Lynx product and has a different smell. This will certainly cause damage to the defendants goodwill if customers unintentionally buy the S tynx brand thinking it to be Lynx. It will obviously be necessary to consult Tyrelevers solicitors over this issue but the initial research above indicates that Tyrelever would be in a very weak position in terms of its ability to defend any legal action by Unilever in terms of passing off. Contract Law Whilst it may be undeniable that Gordon Olivers skin complaint and weight gain does not make him the ideal face of Stynx there is the issue of his contract to consider. There is no clause in the contract that allows Tyrelever to terminate said contact due to physiological changes on the part of the other party to the contract, namely Gordon Oliver Tyrelevers contract gives Gordon Oliver exclusive rights to the endorsement of Tyrelever cosmetic brands. The current contract does not expire until 31 December 2009 and is subject to a six month period of notice for it to be terminated by either party. Copyright Law With regard to the use of an image of David Beckham in the advertisements for Stynx then there are issues of copyright law infringement to consider. The copyright to the photograph that Tyrelever plans to use will be held by the originator of the image, namely the photographer, or his or her agent. Copyright law is a powerful legal tool used to prevent the unauthorised appropriation and use of, amongst other things, images. In the UK, courts can impose an unlimited fine and even up to ten years in prison on copyright infringers. Initially in the USA, and now in the UK too, lawyers have successfully extended the use of trademark and passing off laws to protect their celebrity clients (Lydiate, H 2004). The legal case that brought this issue to the forefront in the UK involved the Formula One racing driver, Eddie Irvine who successfully sued Talk Radio (now Talksport) for the unauthorised use of his image in its advertising. A picture of Eddie Irvine was digitally altered by Talk Radio to show the racing driver holding a radio which also included wording that gave the impression that he was endorsing the radio station (Lysandrides, J., 2005). In terms of the proposed unauthorised use of an image of David Beckham then he already has a number of endorsement contracts including one with Gillette. It is likely that David Beckhams lawyers will be able to successfully refer to the Irvine case in the event of the unauthorized and digitally alerted use of his image in advertising for Stynx. In addition, the ASA code requires advertisers to gain written permission from those whose image it is going use in advertising, especially in respect of endorsement. This applies whether the image is altered or not. Failure to comply with this aspect of the code could lead to the involvement of the Office of Fair Trading and Ofcom in respect of printed and broadcast advertisements respectively (CAP, 2007). Regulatory Issues Whilst contravening regulations does not incur the same potentially damaging penalties as contravening the law, there are, nonetheless, serious consequences for the infringement of regulations. The Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) The BERR has introduced new regulations (in force from 26 May 2008) to crack down on unfair trading sales and marketing practices. The new Regulations are called the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 and they replace the Control of Misleading Advertisements (Amendment) Regulations 1988 (as amended in 2000 and 2003). Misleading Advertisements If the BERR considers that an advertisement misleads consumers or is aggressive or unfair to consumers, then it may refer the case to the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) whose role is to ensure that all advertisements are legal, decent, honest and truthful (ASA, 2009). The ASA performs this task by referring complaints to its Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP). The advertising codes administered by CAP contain: wide-ranging rules designed to ensure that advertising does not mislead, harm or offend. Advertisements must also be socially responsible and prepared in line with the principles of fair competition. These broad principles apply regardless of the product being advertised (ASA, 2009). So, the CAP rules are very explicit and it is the references to misleading the consumer and the principles of fair competition that are most likely to be a cause for concern for Tyrelever. Unfair Trading As well as covering misleading advertisements the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 prohibit unfair trading practices generally. There are some 31 specific areas of unfair trading that are encompassed by the regulations including aggressive and misleading sales practices. Local authorities have the power to ask Trading Standards Officers to investigate complaints by consumers of unfair trading practises. The general caveat for the regulations state: To breach the majority of the Regulations, the misleading action or omission must cause, or be likely to cause, the average consumer to make a different transactional decision e.g. make a purchase which he would not otherwise have made (Trading Standards Institute, 2009). Complaints from consumers about being mislead into making a purchase they might otherwise not have made due to confusion between Stynx and Lynx is a very real possibility. Ethical Issues As well as legal and regulatory concerns, there are ethical issue to consider. Firstly, if the fact became known that Tyrelever acquired the deodorant product from South America, where it was produced using child labour (hence the knockdown price), then this could severely damage Tyrelevers reputation. Equally, if Tyrelever was to proceed with the planned branding and advertising of the deodorant then, as well as legal and regulatory penalties, it will be viewed as an unethical and untrustworthy business that relies on misleading and illegal advertising to sell its products. This proposed advertising campaign, by association, will also undoubtedly damage the reputation and efficacy of other brands in the Tyrelever portfolio. More and more businesses are adopting ethical and socially responsible policies in terms of their marketing activities. The term ethical has become a highly topical and catchall word which has come to be associated with basically any product or service that does not harm people or flora and fauna. Being ethical is all about respect and Tyrelever would be showing huge disrespect to its employees, consumers and to David Beckham if it proceeds with the advertising campaign as currently proposed. Recommendations for a Way Forward In view of the potential legal, regulatory and ethical pitfalls associated with the proposed advertising campaign, it is recommended that an alternative way forward is adopted. The following part of the report outlines some alternative strategies that could be deployed to launch the Stynx brand effectively without the risks associated with the original idea. The Stynx Brand It has been shown that by deploying this brand name it is highly likely that Unilever will bring and win a case of passing off against Tyrelever. Consequently, a new name should be sourced for the product and registered as a trademark. Celebrity Endorsement The risk of damaging litigation in using David Beckhams image is too high to warrant proceeding. Even if it were possible to persuade him to endorse the product the cost of such an endorsement would be prohibitively high and certainly not affordable for Tyrelever. Although Gordon Oliver is a minor league celebrity, he has become known as the face of Tyrelever through his previous exposure on other brands for the business. Tyrelever should honour Gordon Olivers contract. His image can easily be digitally enhanced (with his permission, of course) to minimise the detrimental effects of his skin disorder and weight gain. The professional use of celebrities in advertising has been found to measurably improve its effectiveness. All of the evidence demonstrates that, when done professionally, the use of celebrities in advertising can be enormously profitable for brands. For example, the use of Jamie Oliver in Sainsburys advertising has produced a return on investment of 27:1 in incremental revenue (IPA, 2009). Also, 13% of the prize-winners in the Institute of Practitioners in Advertisings (IPA) Effectiveness Awards have used celebrities as a major part of their advertising concepts. So, to improve the effectiveness of the advertising it will be necessary to leverage Gordon Olivers involvement in the campaign. For example, Tyrelever could i. Use him as a presenter at company events this may necessitate a contractual amendment. ii. Get him involved in charitable work (childrens charities) and se public relations to generate news stories around this involvement. This will, by association, also help to show that Tyrelever supports the rights of children and is against child exploitation in the factories of South America. iii. Make him the brand character of the campaign (rather than have Gordon playing himself) in the advertising by using his natural acting ability at playing character roles. A good example of how this is has worked successfully is the use of Rowan Atki nson for Barclaycard (Pringle, H., 2004) The more the celebrity becomes involved with the brand and the business, then the more the consumer will engage with the brand. Corporate Social Responsibility A programme of staff (and celebrity) involvement in socially responsible projects around Tyrelevers operational headquarters should be planned and implemented as soon as possible. The detailed planning is outside the scope of this report and should be considered separately. Also, Tyrelever should cease to source any more products from countries that are known to use child labour. By doing deploying these two strategies and by using public relations techniques to promote them to stakeholders Tyrelever can start to build a reputation as a socially and ethically responsible business. Summary and Conclusions This report recommends that the advertising campaign as originally envisaged, does not proceed for the reasons detailed. By not proceeding, Tyrelever will be able to avoid almost certain litigation and regulation infringement. Both of which could lead to significant financial penalties and reputation damage. In addition, the original proposals have been seen to be unethical and socially irresponsible, which will be detrimental to Tyrelevers long term future. There is an opportunity for Tyrelever to market the deodorant in a legal, decent and honest way and thus not full foul of the law or the regulators. At the same time Tyrelever can enhance its reputation and leverage its sales by adopting a socially responsible and ethical stance which will have incremental benefits for all of its products. -ends-

Delta Airlines :: Essays Papers

Delta Airlines Who would have thought that a major airline of today could contribute it's success to Boll Weevil insects that decimated the cotton fields of the south. Some say there would not have been a Delta Airlines at all if it were not for the Boll Weevil infestation of the early 1920's. Even the name came from the Mississippi Delta where the Boll Weevil's plagued many cotton fields. According to the book Delta Airlines by Jones, C.E. Woolman was the assistant district agent working for the U.S. Department of agriculture's bureau of Entomology laboratory in Tullulah, Louisiana. Woolman was an agricultural engineering graduate from the University of Illinois and could be categorized as an aviation enthusiast. Along with Dr. B.R. Coad, Woolman developed a promising weapon against the insect but needed a more efficient means to spread it across a vast area. Congress gave the researchers a small grant that allowed them to acquire two ex-US Army Curtiss Jenny Aircraft. However, it was not until 19 23 that things started to happen for the two researchers. A man by the name of George Post, a New York Businessman from Huff-Daland Airplanes, Inc. was flying south when he was forced to land because of mechanical problems with his airplane. He landed in Tullulah and discovered Coad and Woolman's experimental dusting operation. He considered this to be a commercial opportunity he could not pass up. After convincing management, the Huff-Daland Dusters started at Macon, Georgia, in 1924. However, there was not much success so the operation moved to Monroe Louisiana. From Monroe, the business quickly grew but it was only seasonal so Wollman decided to diversify and set up operations in Peru. It was while in Peru that Woolman and his company secured South American airmail rights to fly between Peru and Ecuador. This was when Woolman first appreciated the possible value of a passenger service in 1927. When back in Monroe, Woolman secured some private financing from private businessmen a nd started his own Aviation Company. Delta's first aircraft were three five passenger Travel Air 4000s. On March 15, 1940, Delta added it's third crewmember, the Stewardess, to its air service on the DC-2 Aircraft. In 1941, Delta moved its general offices and overhaul base from Monroe to Atlanta. Through the years Delta merged with Northwestern and Western Airlines to become one of the largest airlines in the world.

Hallucinations :: essays research papers

Hallucinations Hallucinations are defined as a perception of and external object when no object is really present. There are many reasons why people have hallucinations. Some reasons for hallucinations are prescribed drugs (SSRI), illegal drugs (LSD), and sleeping disorders (Narcolepsy). Some causes of hallucinations are from taking drugs, both prescribed and illegal. Both produce the same effect. The hallucinations from these have been described as dà ©jà   vu or hearing or seeing thing that aren't really there. Prescribed drugs such as SSRI which is used for ulcers has been reported to have hallucinations as a side effect. Dronabinol, which is used for the treatment of nausea in chemotherapy, has had the same reports. People with Parkinson's disease have complained of hallucinations when taking an antibiotic called selegiline. Illegal drugs have also been reported to produce hallucinations. These drugs are called hallucinogens. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is a commonly used hallucinogen among the under ground drug world. Hallucinations from this are very unrealistic. Users say that they see very vivid color and geometric shapes when on a "trip". They tend to hear and see things that aren't there. For example, they will hear someone call their name or see something preposterous like a purple elephant. Peyote is another illegal drug that creates hallucinations for the user. It is much like LSD in that it has the same hallucinations. It is made from a small cactus in the southwestern region of the U.S. and in parts of Mexico. There have been several studies made on hallucinations and the effects of drugs in relation to hallucinations. Ronald Seigle did a study on the effects of peyote on the Huichol Indians. He concluded that the hallucinations of the Indians were exceptionally similar to that of college kids doing similar drugs. He believed that the portions of the brain that respond to incoming stimuli become disorganized while the entire central nervous system is aroused. There are no long-term effects to having hallucinations unless it is through drugs, in which case the drug will mess the user up in the future.

Latinos in America

What is an American? This is a difficult question to address, especially concerning Latinos who only speak English. Many Latinos in the United States, consider language a point of high controversy. Some consider speaking spanish an essential part of being Latino , while others consider it a barrier that will prevent the assimilation into the American culture. Tanya Barrientos, like many other Latinos, wrestled with this very issue her entire life. Growing up as a Latina came with many stereotypes, speaking Spanish being one of the most negative characteristics for Barrientos. As society changed its views and learned to accept this diversity in language, Barrientos learned to embrace her heritage. The true question lies within her reasoning for this change in her perception, but was it for the right reasons? What makes this country great is that you can be both: A Spanish speaking latino that is fully emerged in American society. Being American is not about the language you speak but about your ideals and how they fit in the American way of life. Many Americans don’t realize that the choice in language is not determined by the individual but lies in the choice parents or caregivers. This choice is one that will haunt individuals for the rest of their lives. In Barrientos’ case, her parents decided it would be best for her to only speak English. As Barrientos grew up, she embraced her parents choice, saw this as a positive trait, one that differentiated her from most Latinas. She enjoyed defying expectations. Since childhood, she felt that speaking Spanish translated to been poor, holding less desirable jobs and discrimination towards the Latino community. It is because of this that she enjoyed attending a public school that attracted few Latinos, she wanted to distance herself from the rest. In her opinion, not speaking Spanish gave her an edge over other Latinos and allowed her to successfully fit into the American Anglo society. In her own words, it made her feel superior and American. Society pushed her to want to stay away from her heritage and embrace the melting pot as a full fledge citizen. Prejudice or stereotypes should not affect the way you feel about your ulture or background. If society is going to view you in a negative way because the way you look or where you come from, they will do so regardless of what you do. This should make you embrace your heritage and take pride in what makes you unique. This is especially true when it pertains to language, which is something that cannot be perceive by looking at a person. In Barrientos’ case it did not make sense to refuse a language when society would already perceive t he stereotype due to ethnicity. In her situation, not speaking Spanish made her feel like as if society did not view her as a Latina, when clearly by the comments from school staff and most likely other untold accounts, it didn't make a difference. To others who did not know her, she was still a Latina, no different than the rest who were Spanish speaking. She had very little sympathy or affection for other latinos and held many negative views of her own culture. She tried to differentiate herself from the Latino community as much as possible, and succeeded. In a way she had become what she was avoiding, holding prejudice and acquired a feeling of superiority towards Spanish speaking Latinos. Barrientos was concerned about blending in with society, this meant being seen as â€Å"white†. In her mind white meant American, you could not be American if you spoke Spanish. As she puts it Spanish associated you with the radical thinking of Mexican-Americans or Afro-Americans. While emerging yourself in the society you live in is positive, refusing/denying your culture is not the best way to do it. She pushed her culture away because it did not have anything positive to give her, it would only bring her problems and misfortune. Barrientos did not care to even be considered Latina. That is what a selfish, insecure individual would do. It wasn't until society view about Latinos and Spanish changed, that she started relating her culture to something positive. Once the realization that being Latino and speaking Spanish was not a negative but a positive, she began to change. In her own words it was time to take pride, but as she puts it, it felt fake, because in a way it was. It wasn't until she had something to gain, that she wanted to fit in. It seems that is the overall theme of her life, always trying to fit in, but only when its most convenient for her. This attitude will never truly allow her to belong. Even after trying to learn Spanish, other Latinos notice that she was different. Her entire life she worked on putting up walls between her and the Latino community. She outcasted herself for so long and then found it very difficult to connect with her own community. I suspect it was not just the language but her attitude and demeanor as well. In a society as complex as the one in the United States, it is important to realize that you can never fit in with the entire population. If you try to conform to what others want, you lose a part of your individualism. It is also important that in the process of assimilating you do not end up alienating others in your same situation. At the end of the day, you can not change the preconceived notions that come with belonging to a specific ethnic group, but you can choose to embrace your culture and enjoy that part of your life while still emerging in the American way of life.

Job Interview Speech Outline

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how to effectively use verbal and nonverbal communication in a job interview. Organizational Pattern: Time Introduction Attention- Getting Opening: If you had a job interview tomorrow, what’s going to be the main thing running through your mind? For most people, it’s the questions they are going to ask. Job seekers spend most of their time rehearsing questions and answers in advance to not get caught off guard; but in reality, the difference between getting the job or not can be not from what you say, but how you say it and what your body is communicating.You can say many wonderful things about yourself, but your body language or speaking style may say otherwise. Preview: These are the three key points to effectively using verbal and nonverbal communication in a job interview. 1. You must show confident, calm, and moderate body language. 2. You should use a professional and well-mannered speaking style. 3. You should dress appropr iately and moderate. Transition: To begin with†¦ Body I. You must show confident, calm, and moderate body language. A. First Impressions 1. Make a calm and confident entrance a.Over 90% of our communication is nonverbal, according to body language expert Susan Constantine (6) b. You never know who is watching. c. The interview starts even before you get to the interview room 2. Waiting a. Sit up straight and chest open b. Don’t have too many things on your lap 3. Handshake a. Don’t overdo the death grip. Moderate but assertive. b. Slightly submissive c. Prepare belongings to your left to easily shake with right hand. B. Starting the interview 1. Use â€Å"open† body language a. Sit up straight, displaying your neck and torso. b.Avoid seeming closed off. c. Job search expert Amanda Augustine says to avoid overcorrecting as leaning back can be seen as boredom or lack of interest, but leaning too forward can be seen as threatening (2) 2. Hand gestures a. Natur al and open hand placement b. Don’t seem closed off by putting them in pockets, behind your back, or crossing your arms. c. Above desk and below collarbone to appear calm and not frantic. 3. Eye contact a. Locking eyes for too long can be seen as creepy and aggressive. b. It’s okay to break eye contact when appropriate. C. Departing . Gather yourself calmly and smoothly 2. Shaking hands Transition: Now that we’ve talked about body language, let’s see how the way you say things is just as important as what you’re saying II. You should use a professional and well-mannered speaking style. A. Speaking style 1. Pace a. refers to the speed of delivery b. speak at a brisk pace that is neither too fast or slow c. sound comfortable and relaxed like a normal conversation. 2. Volume d. Maintain comfortable volume e. Match the interviewers volume f. Sound authoritative confident 3. Enthusiasm g. efers to the energy and passion in your voice h. show your intere st 4. Variation i. Don’t sound monotone or boring j. Change the speed and tempo, or even volume. 5. Pronunciation k. Be articulate l. Don’t mumble and pronounce all words clearly 6. Pausing m. Brief gaps when you speak allow the interviewer to absorb what you say and give them the opportunity to ask additional questions without interrupting you. n. Avoid vocal fillers. B. Listening 1. Don’t interrupt 2. Let the interviewer lead the interview 3. Ask for clarification Transition: Now on to the easiest part.Look good! But don’t overdo it. III. You should dress appropriately and moderate. A. Conservative 1. Limited jewelry 2. Solid colors 3. Conservative tie, blouse, shoes, etc. 4. According to Kim Zoller at Image Dynamics, 55% of another person's perception of you is based on how you look. (3) B. Presentability 1. Neatly ironed and pressed clothing 2. Fits properly 3. Grooming a. Hair b. nails Transition: Now instead of worrying only on what you’re go ing to say, I you’ll all remember how nonverbal communication, the way you speak, actually play a bigger role than you thought.Conclusion Summary: Today we have learned how to effectively use verbal and nonverbal communication in a job interview. 1. You must show confident, calm, and moderate body language. 2. You should use a professional and well-mannered speaking style. 3. You should dress appropriately and moderate. Memorable Concluding Remarks Now, I hope we’ve all learned and realized that what you say is only one of the many factors in getting the job and that body language, speaking style, and how you dress is just as important, if not even more so.Next time you get a chance at a new job; don’t spend so much time creating the perfect answers to those tricky questions. It’s not what you say, it’s how you say it. Remain calm, confident, and let your body do the talking. References Cited 1. Ordona, Robert. â€Å"Email to a Friend. † Eff ective Body Language in a Job Interview. Monster, xxxssssxn. d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. 2. Casserly, Meghan. â€Å"10 Body Language Tics That Could Cost You The Interview. † Forbes. sssssssssForbes Magazine, 26 Sept. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. 3. Doyle, Alison. â€Å"Dressing ForA Success. † About. om Job Searching. About, n. d. Web. 20 eeeeeeeeFeb. 2013. 4. Potthit, Carma. â€Å"Verbal Communication Skills Interview Tips. † Resume. Lifetips, n. d. Web. dddddd20 Feb. 2013. 5. Jones, Adwoa. â€Å"Making Your Verbal Communication Count In The Job Interview. † Crystal ssssssssClear Interviews Job Interviews How To Interview For A Job Job Interview ssssssssQuestions Answers and Tips RSS. Crystal Clear Interview, 28 July 2012. Web. 20 ssssssssFeb. 2013. 6. Roney, Luke. â€Å"7 Signals to Send During Your Next Job Interview. † US News RSS. US 222222News, 28 Feb. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.